World literature

  10 MAR 2020 HIND SWARAJ OF GANDHI4 MIN READ Tags History Source : The Hindu Manifest Pedagogy; Hind Swaraj is the foundational text of Gandhian world view. It’s ideas on economy, polity and society and the nature of satyagraha are very important for both the History and Ethics section.  In news: Chief Justice of India, S.A. Bobde, at International Judicial Conference 2020 cited Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj and observed that “real rights are a result of the performance of duty.” Placing it in syllabus: Hind Swaraj  Dimensions: Context in which it is written  Outline of the central ideas Relevance for today’s India Content: Context in which it is written: Hind Swaraj or Indian Home-Rule is written by Mohandas K. Gandhi in a dialogic form between the Reader and the Editor of a journal/newspaper.  He wrote this book in his native language, Gujarati, while traveling from London to South Africa on board SS Kildonan Castle between November 13 and November 22, 1909.  The...

What we see at the end of the play “As You Like It” all the major characters of the play whether it is Rosalind and Orlando or Celia and Oliver or the Duke Senior and Duke Ferdinand all are get united. Theme of reconciliation and forgiveness can be seen at the end of play. The theme of happy reunion is also an another aspects of this play because we see in the last of the play that the daughter, Miranda meet to his exiled father and also meet with his passionate lover Orlando.at the end of the play Duke Ferdinand realises his follies and to apologise for that with his brother Senior Duke, and the senior duke forgives Orlando. In most of the plays of William Shakespeare we see the happy ending at the end of the play which makes the play a blending of romanticism and these type of plays are known as Romantic comedy, is a creation of William Shakespeare only. Before the end of this play a marriage ceremony has been organised which has been used as a dramatic technique by Shakespeare. Suc...

The theme of innocence can be seen through the eyes of Miranda whereas the theme of experience can be seen through the eyes of Prospero. Miranda  is a pure child of Nature like Wordsworth’s Lucy, “ created of every creature’s best .” She is the only woman character in the play. Her name is the equivalent of ‘the wonderful one’ or ‘the one who causes admiration’ and her name is symbolic of her beauty, innocence and modesty. When the play opens Miranda is almost fifteen and for the previous twelve years, she has lived on the island and has known only Prospero and Caliban.   The striking feature of her character is her “ soft simplicity, her virgin innocence, her total ignorance of the conventional forms and language of society. It is most natural that in a being thus constituted the first tears should spring from compassion, suffering with those that she saw suffer; and that her first sigh should be offered to a love at once fearless and submissive, delicate and fond. She h...

Why doesn't Faustus sign his contract with Lucifer at once? His blood congeals, and he thus runs out of "ink" to sign the contract. Faustus asks: "What might the staying of my blood portend? / Is it unwilling I should write this bill?" (Scene 5, lines 64–65)

The foundation of irreligious criticism is: Man makes religion, religion does not make man. Religion is, indeed, the self-consciousness and self-esteem of man who has either not yet won through to himself, or has already lost himself again. But man is no abstract being squatting outside the world. Man is the world of man – state, society. This state and this society produce religion, which is an inverted consciousness of the world, because they are an inverted world. Religion is the general theory of this world, its encyclopaedic compendium, its logic in popular form, its spiritual point d’honneur, its enthusiasm, its moral sanction, its solemn complement, and its universal basis of consolation and justification. It is the fantastic realization of the human essence since the human essence has not acquired any true reality. The struggle against religion is, therefore, indirectly the struggle against that world whose spiritual aroma is religion. Religious suffering is, at one and the...

The novel is a literary work whose roots can be traced to the eighteenth century. It came as a break from the traditional prose fiction of the Greeks and the French. Earlier novelists such as Defoe, Richardson and Fielding whose contribution to writing is seen as one that came accidental and also one that was influenced by their surrounding. Although these novelists considered themselves pioneers of this new art form, they did not provide a working definition of the novel, one that would sufficiently describe this new genre and separate it from the old genres. Realism which was associated with the French school of realist seemed to be the only distinguishing feature of the novel from the previous literature writings. This however seemed to suggest that all the old writing before the novel were unreal and fictitious which might not be the case. This definition of the novel was therefore rather shallow and needed justification if it was to be used as the defining characteristic. ...